SAS Functions and CALL Routines by Category

These are the categories for SAS functions and CALL routines:

Arithmetic	returns the result of a division that handles special missing values for ODS output.
Array	returns information about arrays.
Bitwise Logical Operations	returns the bitwise logical result for an argument.
CAS	Functions that run on the CAS server.
Character	returns information based on character data.
Character String Matching	returns information from Perl regular expressions.
Combinatorial	generates combinations and permutations.
Date and Time	returns date and time values, including time intervals.
Descriptive Statistics	returns statistical values, such as mean, median, and standard deviation.
Distance	returns the geodetic distance.
External Files	returns information that is associated with external files.
External Routines	returns a character or numeric value, or calls a routine without any return code.
Financial	calculates financial values such as interest, periodic payments, depreciation, and prices for European options on stocks.
Hyperbolic	performs hyperbolic calculations such as sine, cosine, and tangent.
Macro	assigns a value to a macro variable, returns the value of a macro variable, determines whether a macro variable is global or local in scope, and identifies whether a macro variable exists.
Mathematical	performs mathematical calculations such as factorials, absolute value, fuzzy comparisons, and logarithms.
Numeric	returns a numeric value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing, or determines whether a software image exists in the installed version of SAS.
Probability	returns probability calculations, such as from a chi-square or Poisson distribution.
Quantile	returns a quantile from specific distributions.
Random Number	returns random variates from specific distributions.
SAS File I/O	returns information about SAS files.
Search	searches for character or numeric values.
Sort	sorts the values of character or numeric arguments.
Special	returns and stores memory addresses, writes a value directly into memory, suspends execution of a program, submits an operating-environment command for execution, returns the value of a SAS system or graphics option, specifies formats and informats at run time, returns the system return code, returns the UUID, determines whether a product is licensed, as well as returns other information about SAS processing.
State and ZIP Code	returns ZIP codes, FIPS codes, state and city names, postal codes, and the geodetic distance between ZIP codes.
Trigonometric	returns trigonometric values such as sine, cosine, and tangent.
Truncation	truncates numeric values and returns numeric values, often using fuzzing, or zero fuzzing.
Variable Control	assigns variable labels, links SAS data set variables to DATA step or macro variables, and assigns variable names.
Variable Information	returns a name, type, length, informat name, label, and other variable information.
Web Service	calls a web service or a SAS registered web service.
Web Tools	encodes and decodes a string of data.

Category	Language Elements	Description
Arithmetic	DIVIDE Function	Returns the result of a division that handles special missing values for ODS output.
Array	DIM Function	Returns the number of elements in an array.
	HBOUND Function	Returns the upper bound of an array.
	LBOUND Function	Returns the lower bound of an array.
Bitwise Logical Operations	BAND Function	Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments.
	BLSHIFT Function	Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments.
	BNOT Function	Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument.
	BOR Function	Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments.
	BRSHIFT Function	Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments.
	BXOR Function	Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments.
CAS	ABS Function	Returns the absolute value.
	AIRY Function	Returns the value of the Airy function.
	ANYALNUM Function	Searches a character string for an alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
	ANYALPHA Function	Searches a character string for an alphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
	ANYCNTRL Function	Searches a character string for a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for a digit, and returns the first position at which the digit is found.
	ANYFIRST Function	Searches a character string for a character that is valid as the first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYGRAPH Function	Searches a character string for a graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYLOWER Function	Searches a character string for a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.
	ANYNAME Function	Searches a character string for a character that is valid in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYPRINT Function	Searches a character string for a printable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYPUNCT Function	Searches a character string for a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYSPACE Function	Searches a character string for a Whitespace character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYUPPER Function	Searches a character string for an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.
	ANYXDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for a hexadecimal character that represents a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ARCOS Function	Returns the arccosine.
	ARCOSH Function	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.
	ARSIN Function	Returns the arcsine.
	ARSINH Function	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine.
	ARTANH Function	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent.
	ATAN Function	Returns the arc tangent.
	ATAN2 Function	Returns the arc tangent of the ratio of two numeric variables.
	BAND Function	Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments.
	BETA Function	Returns the value of the beta function.
	BETAINV Function	Returns a quantile from the beta distribution.
	BLACKCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.
	BLACKPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.
	BLKSHCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.
	BLKSHPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.
	BLSHIFT Function	Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments.
	BNOT Function	Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument.
	BOR Function	Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments.
	BRSHIFT Function	Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments.
	BXOR Function	Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments.
	BYTE Function	Returns one character in the ASCII collating sequence.
	CALL LABEL Routine	Assigns a variable label to a specified character variable.
	CALL MISSING Routine	Assigns missing values to the specified character or numeric variables.
	CALL PRXFREE Routine	Frees memory that was allocated for a Perl regular expression.
	CALL SCAN Routine	Returns the position and length of the nth word from a character string.
	CALL SLEEP Routine	For a specified period of time, suspends the execution of a program that invokes this CALL routine.
	CALL STREAMINIT Routine	Specifies a seed value to use for subsequent random number generation by the RAND function.
	CALL VNAME Routine	Assigns a variable name as the value of a specified variable.
	CALL VNEXT Routine	Returns the name, type, and length of a variable that is used in a DATA step.
	CDF Function	Returns a value from a cumulative probability distribution.
	CEIL Function	Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
	CEILZ Function	Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.
	CHOOSEC Function	Returns a character value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.
	CHOOSEN Function	Returns a numeric value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.
	CNONCT Function	Returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-square distribution.
	COALESCE Function	Returns the first nonmissing value from a list of numeric arguments.
	COALESCEC Function	Returns the first nonmissing value from a list of character arguments.
	COLLATE Function	Returns a character string in the ASCII collating sequence.
	COMB Function	Computes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time.
	COMPARE Function	Returns the position of the leftmost character by which two strings differ, or returns 0 if there is no difference.
	COMPBL Function	Removes multiple blanks from a character string.
	COMPFUZZ Function	Performs a fuzzy comparison of two numeric values.
	COMPOUND Function	Returns compound interest parameters.
	COMPRESS Function	Returns a character string with specified characters removed from the original string.
	CONSTANT Function	Computes machine and mathematical constants.
	CONVX Function	Returns the convexity for an enumerated cash flow.
	CONVXP Function	Returns the convexity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
	COS Function	Returns the cosine.
	COSH Function	Returns the hyperbolic cosine.
	COT Function	Returns the cotangent.
COUNT Function	Counts the number of times that a specified substring appears within a character string.
COUNTC Function	Counts the number of characters in a string that appear or do not appear in a list of characters.
COUNTW Function	Counts the number of words in a character string.
CSC Function	Returns the cosecant.
CSS Function	Returns the corrected sum of squares.
CUMIPMT Function	Returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between the start and end period.
CUMPRINC Function	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between the start and end period.
CV Function	Returns the coefficient of variation.
DAIRY Function	Returns the derivative of the AIRY function.
DATDIF Function	Returns the number of days between two dates after computing the difference between the dates according to specified day count conventions.
DATE Function	Returns the current date as a SAS date value.
DATEJUL Function	Converts a Julian date to a SAS date value.
DATEPART Function	Extracts the date from a SAS datetime value.
DATETIME Function	Returns the current date and time of day as a SAS datetime value.
DAY Function	Returns the day of the month from a SAS date value.
DEQUOTE Function	Removes matching quotation marks from a character string that begins with a quotation mark, and deletes all characters to the right of the closing quotation mark.
DEVIANCE Function	Returns the deviance based on a probability distribution.
DHMS Function	Returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second values.
DIF Function	Returns differences between an argument and its nth lag.
DIGAMMA Function	Returns the value of the digamma function.
DIM Function	Returns the number of elements in an array.
DIVIDE Function	Returns the result of a division that handles special missing values for ODS output.
DUR Function	Returns the modified duration for an enumerated cash flow.
DURP Function	Returns the modified duration for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
EFFRATE Function	Returns the effective annual interest rate.
ERF Function	Returns the value of the (normal) error function.
ERFC Function	Returns the value of the complementary (normal) error function.
EXP Function	Returns the value of the exponential function.
FACT Function	Computes a factorial.
FINANCE Function	Computes financial calculations such as depreciation, maturation, accrued interest, net present value, periodic savings, and internal rates of return.
FIND Function	Searches for a specific substring of characters within a character string.
FINDC Function	Searches a string for any character in a list of characters.
FINDW Function	Returns the character position of a word in a string, or returns the number of the word in a string.
FLOOR Function	Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
FLOORZ Function	Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.
FNONCT Function	Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution.
FUZZ Function	Returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E−12 of that integer.
GAMINV Function	Returns a quantile from the gamma distribution.
GARKHCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.
GARKHPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.
GCD Function	Returns the greatest common divisor for one or more integers.
GEODIST Function	Returns the geodetic distance between two latitude and longitude coordinates.
GEOMEAN Function	Returns the geometric mean.
GEOMEANZ Function	Returns the geometric mean, using zero fuzzing.
HARMEAN Function	Returns the harmonic mean.
HARMEANZ Function	Returns the harmonic mean, using zero fuzzing.
HBOUND Function	Returns the upper bound of an array.
HMS Function	Returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second values.
HOLIDAY Function	Returns a SAS date value of a specified holiday for a specified year.
HOUR Function	Returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value.
IBESSEL Function	Returns the value of the modified Bessel function.
INDEX Function	Searches a character expression for a string of characters, and returns the position of the string's first character for the first occurrence of the string.
INDEXC Function	Searches a character expression for any of the specified characters, and returns the position of that character.
INDEXW Function	Searches a character expression for a string that is specified as a word, and returns the position of the first character in the word.
INPUT Function	Returns the value that is produced when SAS converts an expression by using the specified informat.
INPUTC Function	Enables you to specify a character informat at run time.
INPUTN Function	Enables you to specify a numeric informat at run time.
INT Function	Returns the integer value, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
INTCINDEX Function	Returns the cycle index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.
INTCK Function	Returns the number of interval boundaries of a given kind that lie between two dates, times, or datetime values.
INTCYCLE Function	Returns the date, time, or datetime interval at the next higher seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
INTFIT Function	Returns a time interval that is aligned between two dates.
INTFMT Function	Returns a recommended SAS format when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
INTGET Function	Returns a time interval based on three date or datetime values.
INTINDEX Function	Returns the seasonal index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.
INTNEST Function	Calculates the number of whole periods of the smaller interval that will fit into the period of the larger interval.
INTNX Function	Increments a date, time, or datetime value by a given time interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value.
INTRR Function	Returns the internal rate of return as a fraction.
INTSEAS Function	Returns the length of the seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
INTSHIFT Function	Returns the shift interval that corresponds to the base interval.
INTTEST Function	Returns 1 if a time interval is valid, and returns 0 if a time interval is invalid.
INTZ Function	Returns the integer portion of the argument, using zero fuzzing.
IPMT Function	Returns the interest payment for a given period for a constant payment loan or the periodic savings for a future balance.
IQR Function	Returns the interquartile range.
IRR Function	Returns the internal rate of return as a percentage.
JBESSEL Function	Returns the value of the Bessel function.
JULDATE Function	Returns the Julian date from a SAS date value.
JULDATE7 Function	Returns a seven-digit Julian date from a SAS date value.
KURTOSIS Function	Returns the kurtosis.
LAG Function	Returns values from a queue.
LARGEST Function	Returns the kth largest nonmissing value.
LBOUND Function	Returns the lower bound of an array.
LCM Function	Returns the least common multiple.
LCOMB Function	Computes the logarithm of the COMB function, which is the logarithm of the number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time.
LEFT Function	Left-aligns a character string.
LENGTH Function	Returns the length of a non-blank character string, excluding trailing blanks, and returns 1 for a blank character string.
LENGTHC Function	Returns the length of a character string, including trailing blanks.
LENGTHM Function	Returns the amount of memory (in bytes) that is allocated for a character string.
LENGTHN Function	Returns the length of a character string, excluding trailing blanks.
LFACT Function	Computes the logarithm of the FACT (factorial) function.
LGAMMA Function	Returns the natural logarithm of the Gamma function.
LOG Function	Returns the natural (base e) logarithm.
LOG1PX Function	Returns the log of 1 plus the argument.
LOG10 Function	Returns the logarithm to the base 10.
LOG2 Function	Returns the logarithm to the base 2.
LOGBETA Function	Returns the logarithm of the beta function.
LOGCDF Function	Returns the logarithm of a left cumulative distribution function.
LOGPDF Function	Returns the logarithm of a probability density (mass) function.
LOGSDF Function	Returns the logarithm of a survival function.
LOWCASE Function	Converts all uppercase single-width English alphabet letters in an argument to lowercase.
LPERM Function	Computes the logarithm of the PERM function, which is the logarithm of the number of permutations of n objects, with the option of including r number of elements.
MAD Function	Returns the median absolute deviation from the median.
MARGRCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.
MARGRPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.
MAX Function	Returns the largest value.
MD5 Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string.
MDY Function	Returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values.
MEAN Function	Returns the arithmetic mean (average).
MEDIAN Function	Returns the median value.
MIN Function	Returns the smallest value.
MINUTE Function	Returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value.
MISSING Function	Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.
MOD Function	Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, fuzzed to avoid most unexpected floating-point results.
MODZ Function	Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, using zero fuzzing.
MONTH Function	Returns the month from a SAS date value.
MORT Function	Returns amortization parameters.
N Function	Returns the number of nonmissing numeric values.
NETPV Function	Returns the net present value as a percent.
NMISS Function	Returns the number of missing numeric values.
NOMRATE Function	Returns the nominal annual interest rate.
NOTALNUM Function	Searches a character string for a non-alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
NOTALPHA Function	Searches a character string for a nonalphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
NOTCNTRL Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for any character that is not a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTFIRST Function	Searches a character string for an invalid first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTGRAPH Function	Searches a character string for a non-graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTLOWER Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTNAME Function	Searches a character string for an invalid character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTPRINT Function	Searches a character string for a nonprintable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTPUNCT Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTSPACE Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a whitespace character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTUPPER Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTXDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a hexadecimal character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NPV Function	Returns the net present value with the rate expressed as a percentage.
NWKDOM Function	Returns the date for the nth occurrence of a weekday for the specified month and year.
ORDINAL Function	Returns the kth smallest of the missing and nonmissing values.
PCTL Function	Returns the percentile that corresponds to the percentage.
PDF Function	Returns a value from a probability density (mass) distribution.
PERM Function	Computes the number of permutations of n items that are taken r at a time.
PMT Function	Returns the periodic payment for a constant payment loan or the periodic savings for a future balance.
POISSON Function	Returns the probability from a Poisson distribution.
PPMT Function	Returns the principal payment for a given period for a constant payment loan or the periodic savings for a future balance.
PROBBETA Function	Returns the probability from a beta distribution.
PROBBNML Function	Returns the probability from a binomial distribution.
PROBBNRM Function	Returns a probability from a bivariate normal distribution.
PROBCHI Function	Returns the probability from a chi-square distribution.
PROBF Function	Returns the probability from an F distribution.
PROBGAM Function	Returns the probability from a gamma distribution.
PROBHYPR Function	Returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution.
PROBIT Function	Returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution.
PROBMC Function	Returns a probability or a quantile from various distributions for multiple comparisons of means.
PROBNEGB Function	Returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution.
PROBNORM Function	Returns the probability from the standard normal distribution.
PROBT Function	Returns the probability from a t distribution.
PRXCHANGE Function	Performs a pattern-matching replacement.
PRXMATCH Function	Searches for a pattern match and returns the position at which the pattern is found.
PRXPARSE Function	Compiles a Perl regular expression (PRX) that can be used for pattern matching of a character value.
PRXPOSN Function	Returns a character string that contains the value for a capture buffer.
PUT Function	Returns a value using a specified format.
PVP Function	Returns the present value for a periodic cash flow stream (such as a bond), with repayment of principal at maturity.
QTR Function	Returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value.
QUANTILE Function	Returns the quantile from a distribution when you specify the left probability (CDF).
QUOTE Function	Adds double quotation marks to a character value.
RAND Function	Generates random numbers from a distribution that you specify.
RANGE Function	Returns the range of the nonmissing values.
RANK Function	Returns the position of a character in the ASCII collating sequence.
REPEAT Function	Returns a character value that consists of the first argument repeated n+1 times.
REVERSE Function	Reverses a character string.
RIGHT Function	Right aligns a character expression.
RMS Function	Returns the root mean square of the nonmissing arguments.
ROUND Function	Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, or to the nearest integer when the second argument is omitted.
ROUNDE Function	Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, and returns an even multiple when the first argument is halfway between the two nearest multiples.
ROUNDZ Function	Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, using zero fuzzing.
SAVINGS Function	Returns the balance of a periodic savings by using variable interest rates.
SCAN Function	Returns the nth word from a character string.
SDF Function	Returns a survival function.
SEC Function	Returns the secant.
SECOND Function	Returns the seconds and milliseconds from a SAS time or datetime value.
SIGN Function	Returns the sign of a value.
SHA256HEX Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string and converts the string to hexadecimal representation.
SHA256HMACHEX Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string by using the Hash-based Message Authentication (HMAC) algorithm.
SIN Function	Returns the sine.
SINH Function	Returns the hyperbolic sine.
SKEWNESS Function	Returns the skewness of the nonmissing arguments.
SLEEP Function	Suspends the execution of a program that invokes this function for a period of time.
SMALLEST Function	Returns the kth smallest nonmissing value.
SQRT Function	Returns the square root of a value.
STD Function	Returns the standard deviation of the nonmissing arguments.
STDERR Function	Returns the standard error of the mean of the nonmissing arguments.
STRIP Function	Returns a character string with all leading and trailing blanks removed.
SUBSTR (left of =) Function	Replaces character value contents.
SUBSTR (right of =) Function	Extracts a substring from an argument.
SUBSTRN Function	Returns a substring, allowing a result with a length of zero.
SUM Function	Returns the sum of the nonmissing arguments.
SUMABS Function	Returns the sum of the absolute values of the nonmissing arguments.
TAN Function	Returns the tangent.
TIME Function	Returns the current time of day as a numeric SAS time value.
TIMEPART Function	Extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value.
TIMEVALUE Function	Returns the equivalent of a reference amount at a base date by using variable interest rates.
TINV Function	Returns a quantile from the t distribution.
TNONCT Function	Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the Student's t distribution.
TODAY Function	Returns the current date as a numeric SAS date value.
TRANSLATE Function	Replaces specific characters in a character expression.
TRANSTRN Function	Replaces or removes all occurrences of a substring in a character string.
TRANWRD Function	Replaces all occurrences of a substring in a character string.
TRIGAMMA Function	Returns the value of the trigamma function.
TRIM Function	Removes trailing blanks from a character string, and returns one blank if the string is missing.
TRIMN Function	Removes trailing blanks from character expressions, and returns a string with a length of zero if the expression is missing.
TRUNC Function	Truncates a numeric value to a specified number of bytes.
UNIFORM Function	Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
UPCASE Function	Converts all lowercase single-width English alphabet letters in an argument to uppercase.
USS Function	Returns the uncorrected sum of squares of the nonmissing arguments.
UUIDGEN Function	Returns the short or binary form of a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).
VAR Function	Returns the variance of the nonmissing arguments.
VARRAY Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array.
VARRAYX Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array.
VERIFY Function	Returns the position of the first character in a string that is not in any of several other strings.
VFORMAT Function	Returns the format that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATD Function	Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATDX Function	Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VFORMATN Function	Returns the format name that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATNX Function	Returns the format name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VFORMATW Function	Returns the format width that is associated with the specified variable.
VFORMATWX Function	Returns the format width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VFORMATX Function	Returns the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VINARRAY Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the specified variable is a member of an array.
VINARRAYX Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array.
VINFORMAT Function	Returns the informat that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATD Function	Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATDX Function	Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the value of the specified variable.
VINFORMATN Function	Returns the informat name that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATNX Function	Returns the informat name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VINFORMATW Function	Returns the informat width that is associated with the specified variable.
VINFORMATWX Function	Returns the informat width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VINFORMATX Function	Returns the informat that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VLABEL Function	Returns the label that is associated with the specified variable.
VLABELX Function	Returns the label that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
VLENGTH Function	Returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the specified variable.
VLENGTHX Function	Returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the variable that has a name that is the same as the value of the argument.
VNAME Function	Returns the name of the specified variable.
VNAMEX Function	Validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name.
VTYPE Function	Returns the type (character or numeric) of the specified variable.
VTYPEX Function	Returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument.
VVALUE Function	Returns the formatted value that is associated with the variable that you specify.
VVALUEX Function	Returns the formatted value that is associated with the argument that you specify.
WEEK Function	Returns the week-number value.
WEEKDAY Function	From a SAS date value, returns an integer that corresponds to the day of the week.
WHICHC Function	Searches for a character value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.
WHICHN Function	Searches for a numeric value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.
YEAR Function	Returns the year from a SAS date value.
YIELDP Function	Returns the yield-to-maturity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
YRDIF Function	Returns the difference in years between two dates according to specified day count conventions; returns a person’s age.
YYQ Function	Returns a SAS date value from year and quarter year values.
Character	ANYALNUM Function	Searches a character string for an alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
	ANYALPHA Function	Searches a character string for an alphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
	ANYCNTRL Function	Searches a character string for a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for a digit, and returns the first position at which the digit is found.
	ANYFIRST Function	Searches a character string for a character that is valid as the first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYGRAPH Function	Searches a character string for a graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYLOWER Function	Searches a character string for a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.
	ANYNAME Function	Searches a character string for a character that is valid in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYPRINT Function	Searches a character string for a printable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYPUNCT Function	Searches a character string for a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYSPACE Function	Searches a character string for a Whitespace character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	ANYUPPER Function	Searches a character string for an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which the letter is found.
	ANYXDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for a hexadecimal character that represents a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	BYTE Function	Returns one character in the ASCII collating sequence.
	CALL CATS Routine	Removes leading and trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CALL CATT Routine	Removes trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CALL CATX Routine	Removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CALL COMPCOST Routine	Sets the costs of operations for later use by the COMPGED function
	CALL MISSING Routine	Assigns missing values to the specified character or numeric variables.
	CALL SCAN Routine	Returns the position and length of the nth word from a character string.
	CAT Function	Does not remove leading or trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CATQ Function	Concatenates character or numeric values by using a delimiter to separate items and by adding quotation marks to strings that contain the delimiter.
	CATS Function	Removes leading and trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CATT Function	Removes trailing blanks, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CATX Function	Removes leading and trailing blanks, inserts delimiters, and returns a concatenated character string.
	CHAR Function	Returns a single character from a specified position in a character string.
	CHOOSEC Function	Returns a character value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.
	CHOOSEN Function	Returns a numeric value that represents the results of choosing from a list of arguments.
	COALESCEC Function	Returns the first nonmissing value from a list of character arguments.
	COLLATE Function	Returns a character string in the ASCII collating sequence.
	COMPARE Function	Returns the position of the leftmost character by which two strings differ, or returns 0 if there is no difference.
	COMPBL Function	Removes multiple blanks from a character string.
	COMPGED Function	Returns the generalized edit distance between two strings.
	COMPLEV Function	Returns the Levenshtein edit distance between two strings.
	COMPRESS Function	Returns a character string with specified characters removed from the original string.
	COUNT Function	Counts the number of times that a specified substring appears within a character string.
	COUNTC Function	Counts the number of characters in a string that appear or do not appear in a list of characters.
	COUNTW Function	Counts the number of words in a character string.
	DEQUOTE Function	Removes matching quotation marks from a character string that begins with a quotation mark, and deletes all characters to the right of the closing quotation mark.
	FIND Function	Searches for a specific substring of characters within a character string.
	FINDC Function	Searches a string for any character in a list of characters.
	FINDW Function	Returns the character position of a word in a string, or returns the number of the word in a string.
	FIRST Function	Returns the first character in a character string.
	IFC Function	Returns a character value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing.
	INDEX Function	Searches a character expression for a string of characters, and returns the position of the string's first character for the first occurrence of the string.
	INDEXC Function	Searches a character expression for any of the specified characters, and returns the position of that character.
	INDEXW Function	Searches a character expression for a string that is specified as a word, and returns the position of the first character in the word.
	LEFT Function	Left-aligns a character string.
	LENGTH Function	Returns the length of a non-blank character string, excluding trailing blanks, and returns 1 for a blank character string.
	LENGTHC Function	Returns the length of a character string, including trailing blanks.
	LENGTHM Function	Returns the amount of memory (in bytes) that is allocated for a character string.
	LENGTHN Function	Returns the length of a character string, excluding trailing blanks.
	LOWCASE Function	Converts all uppercase single-width English alphabet letters in an argument to lowercase.
	MD5 Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string.
	MISSING Function	Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.
	MVALID Function	Checks the validity of a character string for use as a SAS member name.
	NLITERAL Function	Converts a character string that you specify to a SAS name literal.
	NOTALNUM Function	Searches a character string for a non-alphanumeric character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
	NOTALPHA Function	Searches a character string for a nonalphabetic character, and returns the first position at which the character is found.
	NOTCNTRL Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a control character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	NOTDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for any character that is not a digit, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	NOTFIRST Function	Searches a character string for an invalid first character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	NOTGRAPH Function	Searches a character string for a non-graphical character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
	NOTLOWER Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a lowercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTNAME Function	Searches a character string for an invalid character in a SAS variable name under VALIDVARNAME=V7, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTPRINT Function	Searches a character string for a nonprintable character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTPUNCT Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a punctuation character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTSPACE Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a whitespace character (blank, horizontal and vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, and form feed), and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTUPPER Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not an uppercase letter, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NOTXDIGIT Function	Searches a character string for a character that is not a hexadecimal character, and returns the first position at which that character is found.
NVALID Function	Checks the validity of a character string for use as a SAS variable name.
PROPCASE Function	Converts all words in an argument to proper case.
QUOTE Function	Adds double quotation marks to a character value.
RANK Function	Returns the position of a character in the ASCII collating sequence.
REPEAT Function	Returns a character value that consists of the first argument repeated n+1 times.
REVERSE Function	Reverses a character string.
RIGHT Function	Right aligns a character expression.
SCAN Function	Returns the nth word from a character string.
SHA256 Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string.
SHA256HEX Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string and converts the string to hexadecimal representation.
SHA256HMACHEX Function	Returns the result of the message digest of a specified string by using the Hash-based Message Authentication (HMAC) algorithm.
SOUNDEX Function	Encodes a string to facilitate searching.
SPEDIS Function	Determines the likelihood of two words matching, expressed as the asymmetric spelling distance between the two words.
STRIP Function	Returns a character string with all leading and trailing blanks removed.
SUBPAD Function	Returns a substring that has a length that you specify, using blank padding if necessary.
SUBSTR (left of =) Function	Replaces character value contents.
SUBSTR (right of =) Function	Extracts a substring from an argument.
SUBSTRN Function	Returns a substring, allowing a result with a length of zero.
TRANSLATE Function	Replaces specific characters in a character expression.
TRANSTRN Function	Replaces or removes all occurrences of a substring in a character string.
TRANWRD Function	Replaces all occurrences of a substring in a character string.
TRIM Function	Removes trailing blanks from a character string, and returns one blank if the string is missing.
TRIMN Function	Removes trailing blanks from character expressions, and returns a string with a length of zero if the expression is missing.
TYPEOF Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the argument is character or numeric.
UPCASE Function	Converts all lowercase single-width English alphabet letters in an argument to uppercase.
VERIFY Function	Returns the position of the first character in a string that is not in any of several other strings.
Character String Matching	CALL PRXCHANGE Routine	Performs a pattern-matching replacement.
	CALL PRXDEBUG Routine	Enables Perl regular expressions in a DATA step to send debugging output to the SAS log.
	CALL PRXFREE Routine	Frees memory that was allocated for a Perl regular expression.
	CALL PRXNEXT Routine	Returns the position and length of a substring that matches a pattern, and iterates over multiple matches within one string.
	CALL PRXPOSN Routine	Returns the start position and length for a capture buffer.
	CALL PRXSUBSTR Routine	Returns the position and length of a substring that matches a pattern.
	PRXCHANGE Function	Performs a pattern-matching replacement.
	PRXMATCH Function	Searches for a pattern match and returns the position at which the pattern is found.
	PRXPARSE Function	Compiles a Perl regular expression (PRX) that can be used for pattern matching of a character value.
	PRXPOSN Function	Returns a character string that contains the value for a capture buffer.
	PRXPAREN Function	Returns the last bracket match for which there is a match in a pattern.
Combinatorial	ALLCOMB Function	Generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a minimal change order.
	ALLPERM Function	Generates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimal change order.
	CALL ALLCOMB Routine	Generates all combinations of the values of n variables taken k at a time in a minimal change order.
	CALL ALLCOMBI Routine	Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in a minimal change order.
	CALL ALLPERM Routine	Generates all permutations of the values of several variables in a minimal change order.
	CALL GRAYCODE Routine	Generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.
	CALL LEXCOMB Routine	Generates all distinct combinations of the nonmissing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	CALL LEXCOMBI Routine	Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	CALL LEXPERK Routine	Generates all distinct permutations of the nonmissing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	CALL LEXPERM Routine	Generates all distinct permutations of the nonmissing values of several variables in lexicographic order.
	CALL RANCOMB Routine	Permutes the values of the arguments, and returns a random combination of k out of n values.
	CALL RANPERK Routine	Permutes the values of the arguments, and returns a random permutation of k out of n values.
	CALL RANPERM Routine	Randomly permutes the values of the arguments.
	COMB Function	Computes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time.
	GRAYCODE Function	Generates all subsets of n items in a minimal change order.
	LCOMB Function	Computes the logarithm of the COMB function, which is the logarithm of the number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time.
	LEXCOMB Function	Generates all distinct combinations of the nonmissing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	LEXCOMBI Function	Generates all combinations of the indices of n objects taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	LEXPERK Function	Generates all distinct permutations of the nonmissing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	LEXPERM Function	Generates all distinct permutations of the nonmissing values of several variables in lexicographic order.
	LEXPERK Function	Generates all distinct permutations of the nonmissing values of n variables taken k at a time in lexicographic order.
	LEXPERM Function	Generates all distinct permutations of the nonmissing values of several variables in lexicographic order.
	LFACT Function	Computes the logarithm of the FACT (factorial) function.
	LPERM Function	Computes the logarithm of the PERM function, which is the logarithm of the number of permutations of n objects, with the option of including r number of elements.
	PERM Function	Computes the number of permutations of n items that are taken r at a time.
Date and Time	CALL IS8601_CONVERT Routine	Converts an ISO 8601 interval to datetime and duration values, or converts datetime and duration values to an ISO 8601 interval.
	DATDIF Function	Returns the number of days between two dates after computing the difference between the dates according to specified day count conventions.
	DATE Function	Returns the current date as a SAS date value.
	DATEJUL Function	Converts a Julian date to a SAS date value.
	DATEPART Function	Extracts the date from a SAS datetime value.
	DATETIME Function	Returns the current date and time of day as a SAS datetime value.
	DAY Function	Returns the day of the month from a SAS date value.
	DHMS Function	Returns a SAS datetime value from date, hour, minute, and second values.
	HMS Function	Returns a SAS time value from hour, minute, and second values.
	HOLIDAY Function	Returns a SAS date value of a specified holiday for a specified year.
	HOLIDAYCK Function	Returns the number of occurrences of the holiday value between date1 and date2.
	HOLIDAYCOUNT Function	Returns the number of holidays defined for a SAS date value.
	HOLIDAYNAME Function	Returns the name of the holiday that corresponds to the SAS date or a blank string if a holiday is not defined for the SAS date.
	HOLIDAYNX Function	Returns the nth occurrence of the holiday relative to the date argument.
	HOLIDAYNY Function	Returns the nth occurrence of the holiday for the year.
	HOLIDAYTEST Function	Returns 1 if the holiday occurs on the SAS date value.
	HOUR Function	Returns the hour from a SAS time or datetime value.
	INTCINDEX Function	Returns the cycle index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.
	INTCK Function	Returns the number of interval boundaries of a given kind that lie between two dates, times, or datetime values.
	INTCYCLE Function	Returns the date, time, or datetime interval at the next higher seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
	INTFIT Function	Returns a time interval that is aligned between two dates.
	INTFMT Function	Returns a recommended SAS format when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
	INTGET Function	Returns a time interval based on three date or datetime values.
	INTINDEX Function	Returns the seasonal index when a date, time, or datetime interval and value are specified.
	INTNEST Function	Calculates the number of whole periods of the smaller interval that will fit into the period of the larger interval.
	INTNX Function	Increments a date, time, or datetime value by a given time interval, and returns a date, time, or datetime value.
	INTSEAS Function	Returns the length of the seasonal cycle when a date, time, or datetime interval is specified.
	INTSHIFT Function	Returns the shift interval that corresponds to the base interval.
	INTTEST Function	Returns 1 if a time interval is valid, and returns 0 if a time interval is invalid.
	JULDATE Function	Returns the Julian date from a SAS date value.
	JULDATE7 Function	Returns a seven-digit Julian date from a SAS date value.
	MDY Function	Returns a SAS date value from month, day, and year values.
	MINUTE Function	Returns the minute from a SAS time or datetime value.
	MONTH Function	Returns the month from a SAS date value.
	NWKDOM Function	Returns the date for the nth occurrence of a weekday for the specified month and year.
	QTR Function	Returns the quarter of the year from a SAS date value.
	SECOND Function	Returns the seconds and milliseconds from a SAS time or datetime value.
	TIME Function	Returns the current time of day as a numeric SAS time value.
	TIMEPART Function	Extracts a time value from a SAS datetime value.
	TODAY Function	Returns the current date as a numeric SAS date value.
	TZONEID Function	Returns the current time zone ID.
	TZONENAME Function	Returns the current standard or daylight savings time, time zone name.
	TZONEOFF Function	Returns the user time zone offset.
	TZONES2U Function	Converts a SAS date time value to a UTC date time value.
	TZONEU2S Function	Converts a UTC date time value to a SAS date time value.
	WEEK Function	Returns the week-number value.
	WEEKDAY Function	From a SAS date value, returns an integer that corresponds to the day of the week.
	YEAR Function	Returns the year from a SAS date value.
	YRDIF Function	Returns the difference in years between two dates according to specified day count conventions; returns a person’s age.
	YYQ Function	Returns a SAS date value from year and quarter year values.
Descriptive Statistics	CMISS Function	Counts the number of missing arguments.
	CSS Function	Returns the corrected sum of squares.
	CV Function	Returns the coefficient of variation.
	EUCLID Function	Returns the Euclidean norm of the nonmissing arguments.
	GEOMEAN Function	Returns the geometric mean.
	GEOMEANZ Function	Returns the geometric mean, using zero fuzzing.
	HARMEAN Function	Returns the harmonic mean.
	HARMEANZ Function	Returns the harmonic mean, using zero fuzzing.
	IQR Function	Returns the interquartile range.
	KURTOSIS Function	Returns the kurtosis.
	LARGEST Function	Returns the kth largest nonmissing value.
	LPNORM Function	Returns the Lp norm of the second argument and subsequent nonmissing arguments.
	MAD Function	Returns the median absolute deviation from the median.
	MAX Function	Returns the largest value.
	MEAN Function	Returns the arithmetic mean (average).
	MEDIAN Function	Returns the median value.
	MIN Function	Returns the smallest value.
	MISSING Function	Returns a numeric result that indicates whether the argument contains a missing value.
	N Function	Returns the number of nonmissing numeric values.
	NMISS Function	Returns the number of missing numeric values.
	ORDINAL Function	Returns the kth smallest of the missing and nonmissing values.
	PCTL Function	Returns the percentile that corresponds to the percentage.
	RANGE Function	Returns the range of the nonmissing values.
	RMS Function	Returns the root mean square of the nonmissing arguments.
	SKEWNESS Function	Returns the skewness of the nonmissing arguments.
	SMALLEST Function	Returns the kth smallest nonmissing value.
	STD Function	Returns the standard deviation of the nonmissing arguments.
	STDERR Function	Returns the standard error of the mean of the nonmissing arguments.
	SUM Function	Returns the sum of the nonmissing arguments.
	SUMABS Function	Returns the sum of the absolute values of the nonmissing arguments.
	USS Function	Returns the uncorrected sum of squares of the nonmissing arguments.
	VAR Function	Returns the variance of the nonmissing arguments.
Distance	GEODIST Function	Returns the geodetic distance between two latitude and longitude coordinates.
Distance	ZIPCITYDISTANCE Function	Returns the geodetic distance between two ZIP code locations.
External Files	DCLOSE Function	Closes a directory that was opened by the DOPEN function.
	DCREATE Function	Returns the complete pathname of a new, external directory.
	DINFO Function	Returns information about a directory.
	DNUM Function	Returns the number of members in a directory.
	DOPEN Function	Opens a directory, and returns a directory identifier value.
	DOPTNAME Function	Returns directory attribute information.
	DOPTNUM Function	Returns the number of information items that are available for a directory.
	DREAD Function	Returns the name of a directory member.
	DROPNOTE Function	Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file.
	FAPPEND Function	Appends the current record to the end of an external file.
	FCLOSE Function	Closes an external file, directory, or directory member.
	FCOL Function	Returns the current column position in the File Data Buffer (FDB).
	FDELETE Function	Deletes an external file or an empty directory.
	FEXIST Function	Verifies the existence of an external file that is associated with a fileref.
	FGET Function	Copies data from the File Data Buffer (FDB) into a variable.
	FILEEXIST Function	Verifies the existence of an external file by its physical name.
	FILENAME Function	Assigns or deassigns a fileref to an external file, directory, or output device.
	FILEREF Function	Verifies whether a fileref has been assigned for the current SAS session.
	FINFO Function	Returns the value of a file information item.
	FNOTE Function	Identifies the last record that was read, and returns a value that the FPOINT function can use.
	FOPEN Function	Opens an external file and returns a file identifier value.
	FOPTNAME Function	Returns the name of an item of information about an external file.
	FOPTNUM Function	Returns the number of information items, such as filename or record length, that are available for an external file.
	FPOINT Function	Positions the read pointer on the next record to be read.
	FPOS Function	Sets the position of the column pointer in the File Data Buffer (FDB).
	FPUT Function	Moves data to the File Data Buffer (FDB) of an external file, starting at the FDB's current column position.
	FREAD Function	Reads a record from an external file into the File Data Buffer (FDB).
	FREWIND Function	Positions the file pointer to the start of the file.
	FRLEN Function	Returns the size of the last record that was read, or, if the file is opened for output, returns the current record size.
	FSEP Function	Sets the token delimiters for the FGET function.
	FWRITE Function	Writes a record to an external file.
	MOPEN Function	Opens a file by directory ID and member name, and returns either the file identifier or a 0.
	PATHNAME Function	Returns the physical name of an external file or a SAS library, or returns a blank.
	RENAME Function	Renames a member of a SAS library, an entry in a SAS catalog, an external file, or a directory.
	SYSMSG Function	Returns error or warning message text from processing the last data set or external file function.
	SYSRC Function	Returns a system error number.
External Routines	CALL MODULE Routine	Calls an external routine without any return code.
	MODULE Function	Calls a specific routine or module that resides in an external dynamic link library (DLL).
	MODULEC Function	Calls an external routine and returns a character value.
	MODULEN Function	Calls an external routine and returns a numeric value.
Financial	BLACKCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.
	BLACKPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on futures, based on the Black model.
	BLKSHCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.
	BLKSHPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Black-Scholes model.
	COMPOUND Function	Returns compound interest parameters.
	CONVX Function	Returns the convexity for an enumerated cash flow.
	CONVXP Function	Returns the convexity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
	CUMIPMT Function	Returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between the start and end period.
	CUMPRINC Function	Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between the start and end period.
	DACCDB Function	Returns the accumulated declining balance depreciation.
	DACCDBSL Function	Returns the accumulated declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation.
	DACCSL Function	Returns the accumulated straight-line depreciation.
	DACCSYD Function	Returns the accumulated sum-of-years-digits depreciation.
	DACCTAB Function	Returns the accumulated depreciation from specified tables.
	DEPDB Function	Returns the declining balance depreciation.
	DEPDBSL Function	Returns the declining balance with conversion to a straight-line depreciation.
	DEPSL Function	Returns the straight-line depreciation.
	DEPSYD Function	Returns the sum-of-years-digits depreciation.
	DEPTAB Function	Returns the depreciation from specified tables.
	DUR Function	Returns the modified duration for an enumerated cash flow.
	DURP Function	Returns the modified duration for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
	EFFRATE Function	Returns the effective annual interest rate.
	FINANCE Function	Computes financial calculations such as depreciation, maturation, accrued interest, net present value, periodic savings, and internal rates of return.
	GARKHCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.
	GARKHPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Garman-Kohlhagen model.
	INTRR Function	Returns the internal rate of return as a fraction.
	IPMT Function	Returns the interest payment for a given period for a constant payment loan or the periodic savings for a future balance.
	IRR Function	Returns the internal rate of return as a percentage.
	MARGRCLPRC Function	Calculates call prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.
	MARGRPTPRC Function	Calculates put prices for European options on stocks, based on the Margrabe model.
	MORT Function	Returns amortization parameters.
	NETPV Function	Returns the net present value as a percent.
	NOMRATE Function	Returns the nominal annual interest rate.
	NPV Function	Returns the net present value with the rate expressed as a percentage.
	PMT Function	Returns the periodic payment for a constant payment loan or the periodic savings for a future balance.
	PPMT Function	Returns the principal payment for a given period for a constant payment loan or the periodic savings for a future balance.
	PVP Function	Returns the present value for a periodic cash flow stream (such as a bond), with repayment of principal at maturity.
	SAVINGS Function	Returns the balance of a periodic savings by using variable interest rates.
	TIMEVALUE Function	Returns the equivalent of a reference amount at a base date by using variable interest rates.
	YIELDP Function	Returns the yield-to-maturity for a periodic cash flow stream, such as a bond.
Hyperbolic	ARCOSH Function	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.
	ARSINH Function	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine.
	ARTANH Function	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent.
	COSH Function	Returns the hyperbolic cosine.
	SINH Function	Returns the hyperbolic sine.
	TANH Function	Returns the hyperbolic tangent.
Macro	CALL EXECUTE Routine	Resolves the argument, and issues the resolved value for execution at the next step boundary.
	CALL SYMPUT Routine	Assigns DATA step information to a macro variable.
	CALL SYMPUTX Routine	Assigns a value to a macro variable, and removes both leading and trailing blanks.
	DOSUBL Function	Imports macro variables from the calling environment, and exports macro variables back to the calling environment.
	RESOLVE Function	Returns the resolved value of the argument after the argument has been processed by the macro facility.
	SYMEXIST Function	Returns an indication of the existence of a macro variable.
	SYMGET Function	Returns the value of a macro variable during DATA step execution.
	SYMGLOBL Function	Returns an indication of whether a macro variable is in global scope to the DATA step during DATA step execution.
	SYMLOCAL Function	Returns an indication of whether a macro variable is in local scope to the DATA step during DATA step execution.
Mathematical	ABS Function	Returns the absolute value.
	AIRY Function	Returns the value of the Airy function.
	BETA Function	Returns the value of the beta function.
	CALL LOGISTIC Routine	Applies the logistic function to each argument.
	CALL SOFTMAX Routine	Returns the softmax value.
	CALL STDIZE Routine	Standardizes the values of one or more variables.
	CALL TANH Routine	Returns the hyperbolic tangent.
	CNONCT Function	Returns the noncentrality parameter from a chi-square distribution.
	COALESCE Function	Returns the first nonmissing value from a list of numeric arguments.
	COMPFUZZ Function	Performs a fuzzy comparison of two numeric values.
	CONSTANT Function	Computes machine and mathematical constants.
	DAIRY Function	Returns the derivative of the AIRY function.
	DEVIANCE Function	Returns the deviance based on a probability distribution.
	DIGAMMA Function	Returns the value of the digamma function.
	ERF Function	Returns the value of the (normal) error function.
	ERFC Function	Returns the value of the complementary (normal) error function.
	EXP Function	Returns the value of the exponential function.
	FACT Function	Computes a factorial.
	FNONCT Function	Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter of an F distribution.
	GAMMA Function	Returns the value of the gamma function.
	GCD Function	Returns the greatest common divisor for one or more integers.
	IBESSEL Function	Returns the value of the modified Bessel function.
	JBESSEL Function	Returns the value of the Bessel function.
	LCM Function	Returns the least common multiple.
	LGAMMA Function	Returns the natural logarithm of the Gamma function.
	LOGISTIC Function	Returns the logistic transformation of the argument.
	LOG Function	Returns the natural (base e) logarithm.
	LOG1PX Function	Returns the log of 1 plus the argument.
	LOG10 Function	Returns the logarithm to the base 10.
	LOG2 Function	Returns the logarithm to the base 2.
	LOGBETA Function	Returns the logarithm of the beta function.
	MOD Function	Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, fuzzed to avoid most unexpected floating-point results.
	MODZ Function	Returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, using zero fuzzing.
	MSPLINT Function	Returns the ordinate of a monotonicity-preserving interpolating spline.
	SIGN Function	Returns the sign of a value.
	SQRT Function	Returns the square root of a value.
	TNONCT Function	Returns the value of the noncentrality parameter from the Student's t distribution.
	TRIGAMMA Function	Returns the value of the trigamma function.
Numeric	IFN Function	Returns a numeric value based on whether an expression is true, false, or missing.
Numeric	MODEXIST Function	Determines whether a software image exists in the version of SAS that you have installed.
Probability	CDF Function	Returns a value from a cumulative probability distribution.
	LOGCDF Function	Returns the logarithm of a left cumulative distribution function.
	LOGPDF Function	Returns the logarithm of a probability density (mass) function.
	LOGSDF Function	Returns the logarithm of a survival function.
	PDF Function	Returns a value from a probability density (mass) distribution.
	POISSON Function	Returns the probability from a Poisson distribution.
	PROBBETA Function	Returns the probability from a beta distribution.
	PROBBNML Function	Returns the probability from a binomial distribution.
	PROBBNRM Function	Returns a probability from a bivariate normal distribution.
	PROBCHI Function	Returns the probability from a chi-square distribution.
	PROBF Function	Returns the probability from an F distribution.
	PROBGAM Function	Returns the probability from a gamma distribution.
	PROBHYPR Function	Returns the probability from a hypergeometric distribution.
	PROBMC Function	Returns a probability or a quantile from various distributions for multiple comparisons of means.
	PROBNEGB Function	Returns the probability from a negative binomial distribution.
	PROBNORM Function	Returns the probability from the standard normal distribution.
	PROBT Function	Returns the probability from a t distribution.
	SDF Function	Returns a survival function.
Quantile	BETAINV Function	Returns a quantile from the beta distribution.
	CINV Function	Returns a quantile from the chi-square distribution.
	FINV Function	Returns a quantile from the F distribution.
	GAMINV Function	Returns a quantile from the gamma distribution.
	PROBIT Function	Returns a quantile from the standard normal distribution.
	QUANTILE Function	Returns the quantile from a distribution when you specify the left probability (CDF).
	SQUANTILE Function	Returns the quantile from a distribution when you specify the right probability (SDF).
	TINV Function	Returns a quantile from the t distribution.
Random Number	CALL RANBIN Routine	Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution.
	CALL RANCAU Routine	Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution.
	CALL RANEXP Routine	Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution.
	CALL RANGAM Routine	Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution.
	CALL RANNOR Routine	Returns a random variate from a normal distribution.
	CALL RANPOI Routine	Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution.
	CALL RANTBL Routine	Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution.
	CALL RANTRI Routine	Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution.
	CALL RANUNI Routine	Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
	CALL STREAMINIT Routine	Specifies a seed value to use for subsequent random number generation by the RAND function.
	NORMAL Function	Returns a random variate from a normal, or Gaussian, distribution.
	RANBIN Function	Returns a random variate from a binomial distribution.
	RANCAU Function	Returns a random variate from a Cauchy distribution.
	RAND Function	Generates random numbers from a distribution that you specify.
	RANEXP Function	Returns a random variate from an exponential distribution.
	RANGAM Function	Returns a random variate from a gamma distribution.
	RANNOR Function	Returns a random variate from a normal distribution.
	RANPOI Function	Returns a random variate from a Poisson distribution.
	RANTBL Function	Returns a random variate from a tabled probability distribution.
	RANTRI Function	Returns a random variate from a triangular distribution.
	RANUNI Function	Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
	UNIFORM Function	Returns a random variate from a uniform distribution.
SAS File I/O	ATTRC Function	Returns the value of a character attribute for a SAS data set.
	ATTRN Function	Returns the value of a numeric attribute for a SAS data set.
	CEXIST Function	Verifies the existence of a SAS catalog or SAS catalog entry.
	CLOSE Function	Closes a SAS data set.
	CUROBS Function	Returns the observation number of the current observation.
	DROPNOTE Function	Deletes a note marker from a SAS data set or an external file.
	DSNAME Function	Returns the SAS data set name that is associated with a data set identifier.
	ENVLEN Function	Returns the length of an environment variable.
	EXIST Function	Verifies the existence of a SAS library member.
	FCOPY Function	Copies records from one fileref to another fileref, and returns a value that indicates whether the records were successfully copied.
	FETCH Function	Reads the next non-deleted observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV).
	FETCHOBS Function	Reads a specified observation from a SAS data set into the Data Set Data Vector (DDV).
	GETVARC Function	Returns the value of a SAS data set character variable.
	GETVARN Function	Returns the value of a SAS data set numeric variable.
	IORCMSG Function	Returns a formatted error message for _IORC_.
	LIBNAME Function	Assigns or clears a libref for a SAS library.
	LIBREF Function	Verifies that a libref has been assigned.
	NOTE Function	Returns an observation ID for the current observation of a SAS data set.
	OPEN Function	Opens a SAS data set.
	PATHNAME Function	Returns the physical name of an external file or a SAS library, or returns a blank.
	POINT Function	Locates an observation that is identified by the NOTE function.
	RENAME Function	Renames a member of a SAS library, an entry in a SAS catalog, an external file, or a directory.
	REWIND Function	Positions the data set pointer at the beginning of a SAS data set.
	SYSEXIST Function	Returns a value that indicates whether an operating-environment variable exists in your environment.
	SYSMSG Function	Returns error or warning message text from processing the last data set or external file function.
	SYSRC Function	Returns a system error number.
	VARFMT Function	Returns the format that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.
	VARINFMT Function	Returns the informat that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.
	VARLABEL Function	Returns the label that is assigned to a SAS data set variable.
	VARLEN Function	Returns the length of a SAS data set variable.
	VARNAME Function	Returns the name of a SAS data set variable.
	VARNUM Function	Returns the number of a variable's position in a SAS data set.
	VARTYPE Function	Returns the data type of a SAS data set variable.
Search	WHICHC Function	Searches for a character value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.
Search	WHICHN Function	Searches for a numeric value that is equal to the first argument, and returns the index of the first matching value.
Sort	CALL SORTC Routine	Sorts the values of character arguments.
Sort	CALL SORTN Routine	Sorts the values of numeric arguments.
Special	ADDR Function	Returns the memory address of a variable on a 32-bit platform.
	ADDRLONG Function	Returns the memory address of a variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
	CALL POKE Routine	Writes a value directly into memory on a 32-bit platform.
	CALL POKELONG Routine	Writes a value directly into memory on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
	CALL SLEEP Routine	For a specified period of time, suspends the execution of a program that invokes this CALL routine.
	CALL SYSTEM Routine	Submits an operating environment command for execution.
	DIF Function	Returns differences between an argument and its nth lag.
	FMTINFO Function	Retrieves information about a format or informat.
	INPUT Function	Returns the value that is produced when SAS converts an expression by using the specified informat.
	INPUTC Function	Enables you to specify a character informat at run time.
	INPUTN Function	Enables you to specify a numeric informat at run time.
	LAG Function	Returns values from a queue.
	PEEK Function	Stores the contents of a memory address in a numeric variable on a 32-bit platform.
	PEEKC Function	Stores the contents of a memory address in a character variable on a 32-bit platform.
	PEEKCLONG Function	Stores the contents of a memory address in a character variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
	PEEKLONG Function	Stores the contents of a memory address in a numeric variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
	PTRLONGADD Function	Returns the pointer address as a character variable on 32-bit and 64-bit platforms.
	PUTC Function	Enables you to specify a character format at run time.
	PUTN Function	Enables you to specify a numeric format at run time.
	PUT Function	Returns a value using a specified format.
	SLEEP Function	Suspends the execution of a program that invokes this function for a period of time.
	SYSEXIST Function	Returns a value that indicates whether an operating-environment variable exists in your environment.
	SYSGET Function	Returns the value of the specified operating environment variable.
	SYSPARM Function	Returns the system parameter string.
	SYSPROCESSID Function	Returns the process ID of the current process.
	SYSPROCESSNAME Function	Returns the process name that is associated with a given process ID, or returns the name of the current process.
	SYSPROD Function	Determines whether a product is licensed.
	UUIDGEN Function	Returns the short or binary form of a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).
State and ZIP code	FIPNAME Function	Converts two-digit FIPS codes to uppercase state names.
	FIPNAMEL Function	Converts two-digit FIPS codes to mixed case state names.
	FIPSTATE Function	Converts two-digit FIPS codes to two-character state postal codes.
	STFIPS Function	Converts state postal codes to FIPS state codes.
	STNAME Function	Converts state postal codes to uppercase state names.
	STNAMEL Function	Converts state postal codes to mixed case state names.
	ZIPCITY Function	Returns a city name and the two-character postal code that corresponds to a ZIP code.
	ZIPCITYDISTANCE Function	Returns the geodetic distance between two ZIP code locations.
	ZIPFIPS Function	Converts ZIP codes to two-digit FIPS codes.
	ZIPNAME Function	Converts ZIP codes to uppercase state names.
	ZIPNAMEL Function	Converts ZIP codes to mixed case state names.
	ZIPSTATE Function	Converts ZIP codes to two-character state postal codes.
Trigonometric	ARCOS Function	Returns the arccosine.
	ARSIN Function	Returns the arcsine.
	ATAN Function	Returns the arc tangent.
	ATAN2 Function	Returns the arc tangent of the ratio of two numeric variables.
	COS Function	Returns the cosine.
	COT Function	Returns the cotangent.
	CSC Function	Returns the cosecant.
	SEC Function	Returns the secant.
	SIN Function	Returns the sine.
	TAN Function	Returns the tangent.
Truncation	CEIL Function	Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
	CEILZ Function	Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.
	FLOOR Function	Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
	FLOORZ Function	Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing.
	FUZZ Function	Returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E−12 of that integer.
	INT Function	Returns the integer value, fuzzed to avoid unexpected floating-point results.
	INTZ Function	Returns the integer portion of the argument, using zero fuzzing.
	ROUND Function	Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, or to the nearest integer when the second argument is omitted.
	ROUNDE Function	Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, and returns an even multiple when the first argument is halfway between the two nearest multiples.
	ROUNDZ Function	Rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, using zero fuzzing.
	TRUNC Function	Truncates a numeric value to a specified number of bytes.
Variable Control	CALL LABEL Routine	Assigns a variable label to a specified character variable.
	CALL SET Routine	Links SAS data set variables to DATA step or macro variables that have the same name and data type.
	CALL VNAME Routine	Assigns a variable name as the value of a specified variable.
Variable Information	CALL VNEXT Routine	Returns the name, type, and length of a variable that is used in a DATA step.
	VARRAY Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the specified name is an array.
	VARRAYX Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is an array.
	VFORMAT Function	Returns the format that is associated with the specified variable.
	VFORMATD Function	Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the specified variable.
	VFORMATDX Function	Returns the decimal value of the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VFORMATN Function	Returns the format name that is associated with the specified variable.
	VFORMATNX Function	Returns the format name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VFORMATW Function	Returns the format width that is associated with the specified variable.
	VFORMATWX Function	Returns the format width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VFORMATX Function	Returns the format that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VINARRAY Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the specified variable is a member of an array.
	VINARRAYX Function	Returns a value that indicates whether the value of the specified argument is a member of an array.
	VINFORMAT Function	Returns the informat that is associated with the specified variable.
	VINFORMATD Function	Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the specified variable.
	VINFORMATDX Function	Returns the decimal value of the informat that is associated with the value of the specified variable.
	VINFORMATN Function	Returns the informat name that is associated with the specified variable.
	VINFORMATNX Function	Returns the informat name that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VINFORMATW Function	Returns the informat width that is associated with the specified variable.
	VINFORMATWX Function	Returns the informat width that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VINFORMATX Function	Returns the informat that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VLABEL Function	Returns the label that is associated with the specified variable.
	VLABELX Function	Returns the label that is associated with the value of the specified argument.
	VLENGTH Function	Returns the compile-time (allocated) size of the specified variable.
	VLENGTHX Function	Returns the compile-time (allocated) size for the variable that has a name that is the same as the value of the argument.
	VNAME Function	Returns the name of the specified variable.
	VNAMEX Function	Validates the value of the specified argument as a variable name.
	VTYPE Function	Returns the type (character or numeric) of the specified variable.
	VTYPEX Function	Returns the type (character or numeric) for the value of the specified argument.
	VVALUE Function	Returns the formatted value that is associated with the variable that you specify.
	VVALUEX Function	Returns the formatted value that is associated with the argument that you specify.
Web Service	SOAPWEB Function	Calls a web service by using basic web authentication; credentials are provided in the arguments.
	SOAPWEBMETA Function	Calls a web service by using basic web authentication; credentials for the authentication domain are retrieved from metadata.
	SOAPWIPSERVICE Function	Calls a SAS registered web service by using WS-Security authentication; credentials are provided in the arguments.
	SOAPWIPSRS Function	Calls a SAS registered web service by using WS-Security authentication; credentials are provided in the arguments.
	SOAPWS Function	Calls a web service by using WS-Security authentication; credentials are provided in the arguments.
	SOAPWSMETA Function	Calls a web service by using WS-Security authentication; credentials for the provided authentication domain are retrieved from metadata.
Web Tools	HTMLDECODE Function	Decodes a string that contains HTML numeric character references or HTML character entity references, and returns the decoded string.
	HTMLENCODE Function	Encodes characters using HTML character entity references, and returns the encoded string.
	URLDECODE Function	Returns a string that was decoded using the URL escape syntax.
	URLENCODE Function	Returns a string that was encoded using the URL escape syntax.

Last updated: March 16, 2017