FRONTIER Procedure

Functional Summary

Table 1 summarizes the statements and options available in the FRONTIER procedure.

Table 1: Functional Summary

Description Statement Option
Data Table Options
Specifies the input data table PROC FRONTIER DATA=
Writes estimates to an output data table OUTPUT OUT=
Declaring the Role of Variables
Specifies BY-group processing BY
Specifies the classification variables CLASS
Specifies an optional frequency variable FREQ
Specifies an optional weight variable WEIGHT NONORMALIZE
Printing Control Options
Prints the correlation matrix of the estimates PROC FRONTIER CORRB
Prints the covariance matrix of the estimates PROC FRONTIER COVB
Suppresses the normal printed output PROC FRONTIER NOPRINT
Requests all printing options PROC FRONTIER PRINTALL
Prints the names used internally for the parameters PROC FRONTIER PRINTINTERNALNAMES
Options to Control the Optimization Process
Selects the iterative minimization method to use PROC FRONTIER METHOD=
Specifies maximum number of iterations allowed PROC FRONTIER MAXITER=
Specifies maximum number of function calls PROC FRONTIER MAXFUNC=
Specifies the upper limit of CPU time in seconds PROC FRONTIER MAXTIME=
Sets boundary restrictions on parameters BOUNDS
Sets initial values for parameters INIT
Sets linear restrictions on parameters RESTRICT
Model Estimation Options
Specifies the type of covariance matrix PROC FRONTIER COVEST=
Suppresses the intercept parameter MODEL NOINT
Specifies a stochastic frontier production model MODEL PRODUCTION
Specifies a stochastic frontier cost model MODEL COST
Specifies the distribution for the inefficiency term MODEL TYPE=
Output Control Options
Specifies the ODS tables to display DISPLAY
Specifies the ODS tables to save as output tables DISPLAYOUT
Outputs SAS variables to the output data table OUTPUT COPYVAR=
Outputs expected value of response variable OUTPUT PRED=
Outputs the residuals OUTPUT RESID=
Outputs the technical efficiency measures OUTPUT TE1= and/or TE2=
Outputs estimates of XBeta equals bold x prime Subscript i Baseline bold-italic beta OUTPUT XBETA=


Last updated: July 09, 2026