FRONTIER Procedure
Functional Summary
Table 1 summarizes the statements and options available in the FRONTIER procedure.
Table 1: Functional Summary
| Description | Statement | Option |
|---|---|---|
| Data Table Options | ||
| Specifies the input data table | PROC FRONTIER | DATA= |
| Writes estimates to an output data table | OUTPUT | OUT= |
| Declaring the Role of Variables | ||
| Specifies BY-group processing | BY | |
| Specifies the classification variables | CLASS | |
| Specifies an optional frequency variable | FREQ | |
| Specifies an optional weight variable | WEIGHT | NONORMALIZE |
| Printing Control Options | ||
| Prints the correlation matrix of the estimates | PROC FRONTIER | CORRB |
| Prints the covariance matrix of the estimates | PROC FRONTIER | COVB |
| Suppresses the normal printed output | PROC FRONTIER | NOPRINT |
| Requests all printing options | PROC FRONTIER | PRINTALL |
| Prints the names used internally for the parameters | PROC FRONTIER | PRINTINTERNALNAMES |
| Options to Control the Optimization Process | ||
| Selects the iterative minimization method to use | PROC FRONTIER | METHOD= |
| Specifies maximum number of iterations allowed | PROC FRONTIER | MAXITER= |
| Specifies maximum number of function calls | PROC FRONTIER | MAXFUNC= |
| Specifies the upper limit of CPU time in seconds | PROC FRONTIER | MAXTIME= |
| Sets boundary restrictions on parameters | BOUNDS | |
| Sets initial values for parameters | INIT | |
| Sets linear restrictions on parameters | RESTRICT | |
| Model Estimation Options | ||
| Specifies the type of covariance matrix | PROC FRONTIER | COVEST= |
| Suppresses the intercept parameter | MODEL | NOINT |
| Specifies a stochastic frontier production model | MODEL | PRODUCTION |
| Specifies a stochastic frontier cost model | MODEL | COST |
| Specifies the distribution for the inefficiency term | MODEL | TYPE= |
| Output Control Options | ||
| Specifies the ODS tables to display | DISPLAY | |
| Specifies the ODS tables to save as output tables | DISPLAYOUT | |
| Outputs SAS variables to the output data table | OUTPUT | COPYVAR= |
| Outputs expected value of response variable | OUTPUT | PRED= |
| Outputs the residuals | OUTPUT | RESID= |
| Outputs the technical efficiency measures | OUTPUT | TE1= and/or TE2= |
| Outputs estimates of XBeta | OUTPUT | XBETA= |
Last updated: July 09, 2026