CQLIM Procedure

ENDOGENOUS Statement

  • ENDOGENOUS variables tilde options ;

The ENDOGENOUS statement specifies the type of dependent variables that appear on the left-hand side of the equation. Endogenous variables listed refer to the dependent variables that appear on the left-hand side of the equation. You can specify the following options.

Discrete Variable Options

DISCRETE <(discrete-options)>

specifies that the endogenous variables in this statement be discrete. The BAYES statement is not compatible with ordinal models—that is, discrete models that have more than two levels of the endogenous variable. You can specify the following discrete-options:

DISTRIBUTION=LOGISTIC | NORMAL
DIST=LOGISTIC | NORMAL
D=LOGISTIC | NORMAL

specifies the cumulative distribution function to use to model the response probabilities. You can specify the following distribution types:

LOGISTIC

specifies the logistic distribution for the logit model.

NORMAL

specifies the normal distribution for the probit model.

By default, DISTRIBUTION=NORMAL.

If a multivariate model is specified, logistic distribution is not allowed. Only normal distribution is supported.

ORDER=FORMATTED | FREQ | INTERNAL

specifies the sort order for the levels of the discrete variables that you specify in the ENDOGENOUS statement. This sort order determines which parameters in the model correspond to each level in the data. You can specify the following sort orders:

DATA

sorts levels by order of appearance in the input data table.

FORMATTED

sorts levels by formatted value. The sort order is machine-dependent.

FREQ

sorts levels by descending frequency count; levels that have the most observations come first in the order.

INTERNAL

sorts levels by unformatted value. The sort order is machine-dependent.

By default, ORDER=FORMATTED. For more information about sort order, see the chapter on the SORT procedure in the Base SAS Procedures Guide.

Censored Variable Options

CENSORED (censored-options)

censors the endogenous variables in this statement. You can specify the following censored-options:

LB=value |variable
LOWERBOUND=value |variable

specifies the lower bound of the censored variables. If value is missing or the value of variable is missing, no lower bound is set. By default, no lower bound is set.

UB=value |variable
UPPERBOUND=value |variable

specifies the upper bound of the censored variables. If value is missing or the value of variable is missing, no upper bound is set. By default, no upper bound is set.

Truncated Variable Options

TRUNCATED (truncated-options )

truncates the endogenous variables in the statement. You can specify the following truncated-options:

LB=value |variable
LOWERBOUND=value |variable

specifies the lower bound of the truncated variables. If value is missing or the value of variable is missing, no lower bound is set. By default, no lower bound is set.

UB=value |variable
UPPERBOUND=value |variable

specifies the upper bound of the truncated variables. If value is missing or the value of variable is missing, no upper bound is set. By default, no upper bound is set.

Stochastic Frontier Variable Options

FRONTIER <(frontier-options )>

specifies a stochastic frontier model. You can specify the following frontier-options:

COST

specifies that the estimated model be a cost function.

PRODUCTION

specifies that the estimated model be a production function.

TYPE=EXPONENTIAL | HALF | TRUNCATED

specifies the model type. You can specify the following types:

EXPONENTIAL

specifies an exponential model.

HALF

specifies a half-normal model.

TRUNCATED

specifies a truncated normal model.

If neither PRODUCTION nor COST is specified, a production function is estimated by default. The BAYES statement is not compatible with stochastic frontier models.

Last updated: July 09, 2026