MODEL Procedure

Example 24.8 Nonlinear FIML Estimation

(View the complete code for this example.)

The data and model for this example were obtained from Bard (1974, pp. 133–138). The example is a two-equation econometric model used by Bodkin and Klein to fit U.S. production data for the years 1909–1949. The model is

g 1 equals c 1 10 Superscript c 2 z 4 Baseline left-parenthesis c 5 z 1 Superscript minus c 4 Baseline plus left-parenthesis 1 minus c 5 right-parenthesis z 2 Superscript minus c 4 Baseline right-parenthesis Superscript minus c 3 slash c 4 Baseline minus z 3 equals 0
g 2 equals left-bracket c 5 slash left-parenthesis 1 minus c 5 right-parenthesis right-bracket left-parenthesis z 1 slash z 2 right-parenthesis Superscript left-parenthesis negative 1 minus c 4 right-parenthesis Baseline minus z 5 equals 0

where z 1 is capital input, z 2 is labor input, z 3 is real output, z 4 is time in years with 1929 as year zero, and z 5 is the ratio of price of capital services to wage scale. The c Subscript i’s are the unknown parameters. z 1 and z 2 are considered endogenous variables. A FIML estimation is performed by using the following statements:

data bodkin;
   input z1 z2 z3 z4 z5;
datalines;
1.33135 0.64629 0.4026 -20 0.24447
1.39235 0.66302 0.4084 -19 0.23454
1.41640 0.65272 0.4223 -18 0.23206

   ... more lines ...   

title1 "Nonlinear FIML Estimation";

proc model data=bodkin;
   parms c1-c5;
   endogenous z1 z2;
   exogenous z3 z4 z5;

   eq.g1 = c1 * 10 **(c2 * z4) * (c5*z1**(-c4)+
           (1-c5)*z2**(-c4))**(-c3/c4) - z3;
   eq.g2 = (c5/(1-c5))*(z1/z2)**(-1-c4) -z5;

   fit g1 g2 / fiml ;
run;

When FIML estimation is selected, the log likelihood of the system is output as the objective value. The results of the estimation are shown in Output 24.8.1.

Output 24.8.1: FIML Estimation Results for U.S. Production Data

Nonlinear FIML Estimation

The MODEL Procedure

Nonlinear FIML Summary of Residual Errors 
EquationDF ModelDF ErrorSSEMSERoot MSER-SquareAdj R-Sq
g14370.05290.001430.0378  
g21400.01730.0004310.0208  

Nonlinear FIML Parameter Estimates
ParameterEstimateApprox Std Errt ValueApprox
Pr > |t|
c10.583950.021826.76<.0001
c20.0058770.0006738.74<.0001
c31.36360.114811.87<.0001
c40.4736880.26991.750.0873
c50.4467480.05967.49<.0001

Number of ObservationsStatistics for System
Used41Log Likelihood110.7773
Missing0  


Last updated: June 19, 2025