The CLASS statement names the classification variables to be used in the analysis. The CLASS statement must precede the MODEL statement. You can specify various v-options for each variable by enclosing them in parentheses after the variable name. You can also specify global v-options for the CLASS statement by placing them after a slash (/). Global v-options are applied to all the variables specified in the CLASS statement. However, individual CLASS variable v-options override the global v-options.
CPREFIX= n
specifies that, at most, the first n characters of a
CLASS variable name be used in creating names for the corresponding dummy variables. The default is , where f is the formatted length of the CLASS variable.
DESCENDING
DESC
reverses the sort order of the classification variable.
LPREFIX= n
specifies that, at most, the first n characters of a CLASS variable label
be used in creating labels for the corresponding dummy variables.
ORDER=DATA | FORMATTED | FREQ | INTERNAL
specifies the order in which to sort the levels of the classification
variables. This option applies to the levels for all classification variables, except when you use the (default) ORDER=FORMATTED option with numeric classification variables that have no explicit format. In that case, the levels of such variables are ordered by their internal value.
The ORDER= option can take the following values:
Value of ORDER=
Levels Sorted By
DATA
Order of appearance in the input data set
FORMATTED
External formatted value, except for numeric variables with no explicit format, which are sorted by their unformatted (internal) value
FREQ
Descending frequency count; levels with the most observations come first in the order
INTERNAL
Unformatted value
By default, ORDER=FORMATTED. For ORDER=FORMATTED and ORDER=INTERNAL, the sort order is machine-dependent.
For more information about sort order, see the chapter on the SORT procedure in the
Base SAS Procedures Guide and the discussion of BY-group processing in
SAS Language Reference: Concepts.
PARAM=keyword
specifies the parameterization method for the classification variable
or variables. Design matrix columns are created from CLASS variables according to the following coding schemes; the default is PARAM=EFFECT.
EFFECT
specifies effect coding
GLM
specifies less-than-full-rank, reference cell coding; this option can be used only as a global option
ORDINAL
specifies the cumulative parameterization for an ordinal CLASS variable
POLYNOMIAL | POLY
specifies polynomial coding
REFERENCE | REF
specifies reference cell coding
ORTHEFFECT
orthogonalizes PARAM=EFFECT
ORTHORDINAL | ORTHOTHERM
orthogonalizes PARAM=ORDINAL
ORTHPOLY
orthogonalizes PARAM=POLYNOMIAL
ORTHREF
orthogonalizes PARAM=REFERENCE
If PARAM=ORTHPOLY or PARAM=POLY, and the CLASS levels are numeric, then the ORDER= option in the CLASS statement is ignored, and the internal, unformatted values are used.
EFFECT, POLYNOMIAL, REFERENCE, ORDINAL, and their orthogonal parameterizations are full rank. The REF= option in the CLASS statement determines the reference level for EFFECT, REFERENCE, and their orthogonal parameterizations.
Parameter names for a CLASS predictor variable are constructed by concatenating the CLASS variable name with the CLASS levels. However, for the POLYNOMIAL and orthogonal parameterizations, parameter names are formed by concatenating the CLASS variable name and keywords that reflect the parameterization.
REFERENCE=’level’ | keyword
REF=’level’ | keyword
specifies the reference level for PARAM=EFFECT or
PARAM=REFERENCE. For an individual (but not a global) variable REF= option, you can specify the level of the variable to use as the reference level. For a global or individual variable REF= option, you can use one of the following keywords. The default is REF=LAST.