SPECTRA Procedure

Example 32.2 Cross-Spectral Analysis

(View the complete code for this example.)

This example uses simulated data to show cross-spectral analysis for two variables X and Y. X is generated by an AR(1) process; Y is generated as white noise plus an input from X lagged 2 periods. All output options are specified in the PROC SPECTRA statement. PROC CONTENTS shows the contents of the OUT= data set.

data a;
   xl = 0; xll = 0;
   do i = - 10 to 100;
      x = .4 * xl  + rannor(123);
      y = .5 * xll + rannor(123);
      if i > 0 then output;
      xll = xl; xl = x;
   end;
run;

proc spectra data=a out=b cross coef a k p ph s;
   var x y;
   weights 1 1.5 2 4 8 9 8 4 2 1.5 1;
run;

proc contents data=b position;
run;

The PROC CONTENTS report for the output data set B is shown in Output 32.2.1.

Output 32.2.1: Contents of PROC SPECTRA OUT= Data Set

The CONTENTS Procedure

Alphabetic List of Variables and Attributes
#	Variable	Type	Len	Label
16	A_01_02	Num	8	Amplitude of x by y
3	COS_01	Num	8	Cosine Transform of x
5	COS_02	Num	8	Cosine Transform of y
13	CS_01_02	Num	8	Cospectra of x by y
1	FREQ	Num	8	Frequency from 0 to PI
12	IP_01_02	Num	8	Imag Periodogram of x by y
15	K_01_02	Num	8	Coherency**2 of x by y
2	PERIOD	Num	8	Period
17	PH_01_02	Num	8	Phase of x by y
7	P_01	Num	8	Periodogram of x
8	P_02	Num	8	Periodogram of y
14	QS_01_02	Num	8	Quadrature of x by y
11	RP_01_02	Num	8	Real Periodogram of x by y
4	SIN_01	Num	8	Sine Transform of x
6	SIN_02	Num	8	Sine Transform of y
9	S_01	Num	8	Spectral Density of x
10	S_02	Num	8	Spectral Density of y

The following statements plot the amplitude of the cross-spectrum estimate against frequency and against period for periods less than 25:

proc sgplot data=b;
   series x=freq y=a_01_02 / markers markerattrs=(symbol=circlefilled);
   xaxis values=(0 to 4 by 1);
run;

The plot of the amplitude of the cross-spectrum estimate against frequency is shown in Output 32.2.2.

Output 32.2.2: Plot of Cross-Spectrum Amplitude by Frequency

The plot of the cross-spectrum amplitude against period for periods less than 25 observations is shown in Output 32.2.3.

proc sgplot data=b;
   where period < 25;
   series x=period y=a_01_02 / markers markerattrs=(symbol=circlefilled);
   xaxis values=(0 to 30 by 5);
run;

Output 32.2.3: Plot of Cross-Spectrum Amplitude by Period

Last updated: June 19, 2025