GAMMOD Procedure

PROC GAMMOD Statement

  • PROC GAMMOD <options>;

The PROC GAMMOD statement invokes the procedure. Table 3 summarizes the available options in the PROC GAMMOD statement by function. The options are then described fully in alphabetical order.

Table 3: PROC GAMMOD Statement Options

Option Description
Basic Options
ALPHA= Specifies a global significance level
DATA= Specifies the input data table
SEED= Sets the seed for pseudorandom number generation
Display Options
ITDETAILS Displays the "Iteration History" table
NOCLPRINT Limits or suppresses the display of classification variable levels
NOPRINT Suppresses ODS output
PLOTS= Controls plots that are produced through ODS Graphics
Optimization Subject Options
PLIKEOPTIONS Sets optimization parameters for likelihood estimation
SMOOTHOPTIONS Sets optimization parameters for smoothing parameter estimation
Tolerance Options
SINGCHOL= Tunes the singularity criterion for Cholesky decompositions
SINGULAR= Tunes the general singularity criterion


You can specify the following options in the PROC GAMMOD statement.

ALPHA=number

specifies a global significance level for the hypothesis testing of smoothing components and the construction of Bayesian confidence bands of predictions. The confidence level is 1 – number. The value of number must be between 0 and 1; the default is 0.05. You can override this global significance level for Bayesian confidence bands of predictions by specifying the ALPHA= option in the OUTPUT statement.

DATA=libref.data-table

names the input data table for PROC GAMMOD to use. The default is the most recently created data table. libref.data-table is a two-level name, where

libref

refers to a collection of information that is defined in the LIBNAME statement and includes the library, which includes a path to the data. For more information about libref, see the section Using SAS Viya Workbench.

data-table

specifies the name of the input data table.

ITDETAILS

adds to the "Iteration History" table the current values of the parameter estimates and their gradients. If the optimization algorithm is used to determine at least one smoothing parameter, the table lists values for smoothing parameters. If all smoothing parameters are fixed or a parametric generalized linear model is specified, the table lists values for regression parameters. These quantities are reported only for parameters that participate in the optimization.

NOCLPRINT<=number>

suppresses the display of the "Class Level Information" table if you do not specify number. If you specify number, the values of the classification variables are displayed for only those variables whose number of levels is less than number. Specifying a number helps reduce the size of the "Class Level Information" table if some classification variables have a large number of levels.

NOPRINT

suppresses the generation of ODS output.

PLIKEOPTIONS(optimization-parameters)

specifies optimization parameters for either maximum or penalized likelihood estimation. For more information about which optimization-parameters you can specify, see the section Optimization Parameters. For the performance iteration method, only the ABSFCONV=, FCONV=, and MAXITER= options are effective for determining when the performance iteration should have converged. If the distribution family involves a dispersion parameter that needs to be estimated by the maximum likelihood method, all the optimization parameters in this option are applicable.

PLOTS <(global-plot-option)> <= plot-requests <(option)>>

controls the plots that are produced through ODS Graphics. When ODS Graphics is enabled, PROC GAMMOD produces by default a panel of plots of partial prediction curves or surfaces of smoothing components.

ods graphics on;

proc gammod plots;
   model y=spline(x1) spline(x2);
run;

ods graphics off;

You can specify the following global-plot-option, which applies to the smoothing component plots that the GAMMOD procedure generates:

UNPACK |UNPACKPANEL

suppresses paneling. By default, multiple smoothing component plots can appear in some output panels. Specify UNPACK to get each plot individually.

You can specify the following plot-requests:

ALL

requests that all default plots be produced.

COMPONENTS <(component-option)>

plots a panel of smoothing components of the fitted model. You can specify the following component-option:

COMMONAXES

requests that the smoothing component plots use a common vertical axis except for bivariate contour plots. This option enables you to visually judge the relative effect size.

NONE

suppresses all plots.

SEED=number

specifies an integer that is used to start the pseudorandom number generator for truncated eigendecomposition and for subset sampling from observations to form knots if necessary. If you do not specify this option or if number 0, the seed is generated from the time of day, which is read from the computer’s clock.

SINGCHOL=number

tunes the singularity criterion in Cholesky decomposition and matrix inversion operations. The default is 1E4 times the machine epsilon; this product is approximately 1E–12 on most computers.

SINGULAR=number

tunes the singularity criterion in truncated eigendecomposition to determine its convergence. The default is 1E4 times the machine epsilon; this product is approximately 1E–12 on most computers.

SMOOTHOPTIONS(optimization-parameters)

specifies optimization parameters for smoothing parameter estimation. For more information about which optimization-parameters you can specify, see the next section. For parametric generalized linear models or generalized additive models that have fixed smoothing parameters, any optimization parameters that you specify for this option are ignored.

Optimization Parameters

You can specify optimization-parameters for both the PLIKEOPTIONS and SMOOTHOPTIONS options. Depending on the modeling context, some optimization parameters might have no effect. The optimization algorithm is considered to have converged when any one of the convergence criteria that are specified in optimization-parameters is satisfied. Table 4 lists the available optimization parameters for both the PLIKEOPTIONS and SMOOTHOPTIONS options.

Table 4: Optimization Parameters

Option Description
ABSCONV= Tunes the absolute function convergence criterion
ABSFCONV= Tunes the absolute function difference convergence criterion
ABSGCONV= Tunes the absolute gradient convergence criterion
FCONV= Tunes the relative function difference convergence criterion
GCONV= Tunes the relative gradient convergence criterion
MAXFUNC= Specifies the maximum number of function evaluations in any optimization
MAXITER= Chooses the maximum number of iterations in any optimization
MAXTIME= Specifies the upper limit of CPU time (in seconds) for any optimization
MINITER= Specifies the minimum number of iterations in any optimization
TECHNIQUE= Selects the optimization technique


The optimization-parameters are fully described in the section Optimization Options in Chapter 2, Shared Concepts.

Note: By default, TECHNIQUE=NEWRAP for the performance iteration (METHOD=PERFORMANCE), and TECHNIQUE=QUANEW for the outer iteration (METHOD=OUTER).

Last updated: May 14, 2026