NOTUPPER Function

Searches a character string for a character that is not an uppercase letter, and returns the first character position at which that character is found.

Category:	Character
Returned data type:	DOUBLE

Table of Contents

Syntax

NOTUPPER('expression'[, start])

Required Argument

expression

specifies any valid expression that evaluates or can be coerced to a character string.

Data type	CHAR, NCHAR, VARCHAR, NVARCHAR
See	DS2 Expressions in SAS DS2 Programmer’s Guide

Optional Argument

start

specifies any valid expression that evaluates or can be coerced to a numeric value and specifies the character position at which the search should start and the direction in which to search.

Data type	DOUBLE

Details

The results of the NOTUPPER function depend directly on the translation table that is in effect (see TRANTAB= System Option in SAS National Language Support (NLS): Reference Guide ) and indirectly on the ENCODING and the LOCALE system options.

The NOTUPPER function searches a string for the first occurrence of a character that is not an uppercase letter. If such a character is found, NOTUPPER returns the position in the string of that character. If no such character is found, NOTUPPER returns a value of 0.

If you use only one argument, NOTUPPER begins the search at the beginning of the string. If you use two arguments, the absolute value of the second argument, start, specifies the position at which to begin the search. The direction in which to search is determined in the following way:

If the value of start is positive, the search proceeds to the right.
If the value of start is negative, the search proceeds to the left.
If the value of start is less than the negative length of the string, the search begins at the end of the string.

NOTUPPER returns a value of zero when one of the following is true:

The character that you are searching for is not found.
The value of start is greater than the length of the string.
The value of start = 0.

Comparisons

The NOTUPPER function searches a character string for a character that is not an uppercase letter. The ANYUPPER function searches a character string for an uppercase letter.

Example

The following program uses the NOTUPPER function to search a string for any character that is not an uppercase letter.

Note: In this example, DS2 statements are sent to SAS using PROC DS2.

proc ds2;
data _null_;
   dcl char(18) string c;
   dcl double j i;
   method run();
      string='Next = _n_ + 12E3;';
      j=0;
      do until(j=0);
         j=notupper(string, j+1);
         if j=0 then put 'The end';
         else do;
            c=substr(string, j, 1);
            put j= c=;
         end;
      end;
   end;
enddata;
run;
quit;

proc ds2;
data _null_;
   dcl char(18) string c;
   dcl double j i;
   method run();
      string='Next = _n_ + 12E3;';
      j=0;
      do until(j=0);
         j=notupper(string, j+1);
         if j=0 then put 'The end';
         else do;
            c=substr(string, j, 1);
            put j= c=;
         end;
      end;
   end;
enddata;
run;
quit;

SAS writes the following output to the log:

j=2 c=e
j=3 c=x
j=4 c=t
j=5 c=
j=6 c==
j=7 c=
j=8 c=_
j=9 c=n
j=10 c=_
j=11 c=
j=12 c=+
j=13 c=
j=14 c=1
j=15 c=2
j=17 c=3
j=18 c=;
The end